Kubernetes manages containerized applications using fundamental building blocks like Pods, Deployments, and ReplicaSets. These concepts enable scalable, resilient, and automated deployments.
What is a Pod?
A Pod is the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes. It represents one or more containers that share the same network namespace and storage.
Key Features of a Pod:
- Can contain one or multiple containers.
- Shares network and storage among containers in the pod.
- Has a unique IP address inside the cluster.
Example: A Simple Pod Manifest
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: my-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-container
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 80
Run the pod with:
kubectl apply -f pod.yaml
2. What is a Deployment?
A Deployment manages the lifecycle of a pod and ensures high availability. It handles rolling updates, rollbacks, and scaling.
Key Features of a Deployment:
- Ensures a specific number of replicas are running.
- Handles updates and rollbacks automatically.
- Uses ReplicaSets internally to maintain desired pod count.
Example: A Simple Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: my-deployment
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: my-app
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: my-app
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-container
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 80
Apply the deployment:
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
Check the status:
kubectl get deployments
3. What is a ReplicaSet?
A ReplicaSet ensures that a specific number of pod replicas are running at all times. Deployments use ReplicaSets internally to manage pods.
Example: A ReplicaSet Configuration
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
name: my-replicaset
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: my-app
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: my-app
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-container
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 80
Run the ReplicaSet:
kubectl apply -f replicaset.yaml
Key Differences: Pods vs. Deployments vs. ReplicaSets
Feature Pod ReplicaSet Deployment Purpose Runs a single container or a group of containers Ensures a fixed number of pods are running Manages ReplicaSets for scaling and rolling updates Scaling Cannot scale automatically Ensures desired pod count Provides advanced scaling and rolling updates Rolling Updates No No Yes Rollbacks No No Yes
When to Use What?
- Use Pods for single-container applications or debugging.
- Use ReplicaSets if you need to maintain a fixed number of replicas.
- Use Deployments for real-world applications that require rolling updates and scaling.
Pods, Deployments, and ReplicaSets are essential for running applications in Kubernetes. Deployments provide a higher level of control, making them the best choice for managing application lifecycles.
